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The organ ( organum ) is a keyboard wind musical instrument. Large concert organs surpass all other musical instruments in size.
The organ is one of the oldest musical instruments. Its history dates back several thousand years. Hugo Riemann believed that the ancestor of the organ is the ancient Babylonian bagpipes The fur puffed through the tube and from the opposite end there was a hull with pipes that had undoubtedly tabs and several holes. The embryo can also be seen in the flute of Pan Chinese Sheng and other similar instruments. It is believed that the organ was invented by the Greek Ctesibius who lived in Alexandria of Egypt in 296-228. An image of a similar instrument is on one coin or a token of Nero's time. Organs of large size appeared in the IV century more or less improved in the VII and VIII centuries. Pope Vitalianu tradition attributed the introduction of the body in the Catholic worship. In the VIII century Byzantium was famous for its organs. Byzantine Emperor Constantine V Kapronim in 757 gave the organ to the Frankish king Pipin Korotkiy. Later, the Byzantine Empress Irina gave to his son Karl the Great Body which sounded at the coronation of Charles. The organ was considered at that time a ceremonial attribute of the Byzantine.
The art of building organs developed in Italy where in the 9th century they were sent to France. Later this art developed in Germany. The ubiquitous distribution in Western Europe the body received since the XIV century. Medieval organs in comparison with later were rough work; The manual keyboard for example consisted of keys ranging in width from 5 to 7 cm the distance between the keys reached one and a half centimeters. They hit the keys with their fingers not with their fingers as now but with their fists. In the 15th century the keys were reduced and the number of pipes increased.
The oldest example of a medieval organ with relatively integral mechanics is the organ from Norrland. This tool usually dates from 1370-1400 although in some researchers such an early dating raises doubts [5] . Currently, the Norrland body is kept at the National Historical Museum in Stockholm.
In the 19th century, thanks primarily to the activities of the French organ master Aristide Cavaye-Kolle who set out to design organs in such a way that they could compete with the sound of a symphony orchestra with their powerful and rich sound, instruments of an unprecedented scale and power of sound Which are sometimes called symphonic.
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